Preface
Praise be to Allah, Lord of the
Universe. May peace and blessings be upon Muhammad, the last of the
prophets and messengers, and upon his family and esteemed companions.
Hajj is one of the best forms of worship and is one of the most
sublime deeds because it is one of the pillars of Islam that Allah
sent Muhammad-may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon
him-with. A servant's religion is incomplete without it. A form of
worship is only acceptable when the following is true.
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One devotes
it to Allah alone, with a desire for the Hereafter. It cannot
be done with the intention of being seen among people or for worldly
gain.
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One follows the
Prophet's example, in words and deeds. This cannot be
accomplished except by gaining knowledge of the Sunnah.
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Forms of Pilgrimage
There are three forms of Hajj: Tamattu', Ifraad and Qiran.
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Tamattu':
A pilgrim wears Ihram for Umrah only during the months of
Hajj, which means when a pilgrim reaches Makkah, he/she makes Tawaf and
Sa'yi for Umrah. Then shaves or clips the hair. On the day of
Tarwiya, which is the eighth of Dhul-Hijja, a pilgrim puts on
his Ihram for Hajj only and carries out all of its
requirements.
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Ifraad:
A pilgrim wears Ihram for Hajj only. When he reaches Makkah,
he performs Tawaf for his arrival and Sa'yi for Hajj. He doesn't shave
or clip his hair as he doesn't disengage from Ihram. Instead,
he remains in Ihram till after he stones Jamrah Al-Aqaba on the
Eid day. It is permissible for him to postpone his Sa'yi for Hajj
until after his Tawaf for Hajj.
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Qiran:
A pilgrim wears Ihram for both Umrah and Hajj or he wears
Ihram first for Umrah, then makes intentions for Hajj before his Tawaf
for Hajj. The obligations on one performing Ifraad are the same
as those on one performing Qiran, except that the latter must
slaughter whereas the former is not obligated to do so. The best of
the three forms is Tamattu'. It is the form that the prophet-may
the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him encouraged his
followers to perform.
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Even if a pilgrim makes intentions to
perform Qiran or Ifraad he is allowed to change his intentions to
Tamattu'; he can do this even after he has performed Tawaf and
Sa'yi.
When the Prophet - may the peace and
blessings of Allah be upon him- performed Tawaf and Sa'yi during
the year of the Farewell Hajj with his companions, he ordered all
those who hadn't brought sacrificial animals to change their intentions
for Hajj to intentions for Umrah. cut their hair, and disengage
from Ihram till Hajj. He said, " If I hadn't brought the
sacrificial animal, I'd have done what I've ordered you to do."
The Umrah
If a pilgrim wishes to be ritually pure for Umrah, he should shed his clothing and bathe as he would after sexual defilement, if convenient. He should perfume his head and beard with the best oil he can find. There is no harm in what remains of it after Ihram.
Bathing for Ihram is Sunnah for both men and women, including menstruating women and those experiencing postnatal bleeding. After bathing and preparing himself, a. pilgrim, other than those menstruating or experiencing post- natal bleeding, prays the obligatory prayer, if it is time. Otherwise, he makes his intention by praying the two Sunnah Rakass whichare made each time Wudhu is performed.
If a pilgrim wishes to be ritually pure for Umrah, he should shed his clothing and bathe as he would after sexual defilement, if convenient. He should perfume his head and beard with the best oil he can find. There is no harm in what remains of it after Ihram.
Bathing for Ihram is Sunnah for both men and women, including menstruating women and those experiencing postnatal bleeding. After bathing and preparing himself, a. pilgrim, other than those menstruating or experiencing post- natal bleeding, prays the obligatory prayer, if it is time. Otherwise, he makes his intention by praying the two Sunnah Rakass whichare made each time Wudhu is performed.
When he finishes his prayer he should say:
"Here I am for Umrah--here I am, Oh Allah, here I am. Here I am.
You have no partner. Here I am. Surely all praise, grace and
dominion is yours, and you have no
partner." [Talbeeyah]. A man raises his voice when saying this and a woman says it so that only one beside her may hear her.
partner." [Talbeeyah]. A man raises his voice when saying this and a woman says it so that only one beside her may hear her.
One in Ihram should say the Talbeeyah as often as possible, especially when times and places change. For example: when descending or ascending during travel or when day or night approach. He should also ask Allah for His pleasure, for Heaven and seek refuge in Allah's mercy from Hellfire.
One should say the Talbeeyah during Umrah,
starting from the time he puts on his Ihram till he starts Tawaf.
During Hajj he should say it starting from the time he puts on his
Ihram till he starts to stone Jamrah
Al- Aqaba on the Eid day.
Al- Aqaba on the Eid day.
When a pilgrim enters the Holy Mosque he
puts forth his right foot first and says: "In the name of Allah,
may peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah. Oh Allah,
forgive me my sins and open to me the doors of Your mercy. I seek refuge
in Allah the Almighty and in His Eminent Face and in His Eternal
Dominion from the accursed Satan." He approaches the Black Stone,
touches it with his right hand and kisses it. If this isn't
possible, he should face the Black Stone and point to it. It is
best not to push and shove, causing harm and being harmed by other
people.
When touching the Stone, a pilgrim should say the following: "In the name of Allah, Allah is the greatest. Oh, Allah, with faith in you, belief in Your book, loyalty to you, compliance to the way of your Prophet Muhammad--may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him."
A pilgrim must walk, keeping the Ka'bah on
his left. When he reaches the Rukn Al Yamani he should touch, but
not kiss it, and say: " Our Lord, grant us good in this life and
good in the hereafter and save us from the punishment of the Hell-fire.
Oh Allah, I beg of You for forgiveness and health in this life and
in the Hereafter." Each time he passes the Black Stone he should
say: "Allah is the Greatest."
During the remainder of his Tawaf he may say
what he pleases of supplications, mentioning Allah, and recitation
of Quran. This is because Tawaf, Sa'yi, and Stoning the Jamrah
have been devised for the purpose of mentioning Allah. During this
Tawaf it is necessary for a man to do two things:
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Al-ldhtebaa'
from the beginning of Tawaf until the end. Al-ldhtebaa' means
placing the middle of one's Reda' under his right arm and the ends of it
over his left shoulder. When he is finished performing Tawaf,
he may return his Reda' to its original state because the time
for Idhtebaa' is only during Tawaf.
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Al-Raml
during the first three circuits. Al-Raml means speeding up one's pace
with small steps. A pilgrim should walk at a normal pace during
his last four circuits. When he completes seven circuits of
Tawaf, he approaches Maqam Ibrahim and recites: "And take ye
the station of Abraham as a place of Prayer" Chapter 2, Verse 125
[2:125]. He prays two short Rakaas, as close as conveniently
possible, behind Maqam Ibrahim. During the first Rakaa he
recites Surah Al-Kafirun [Chapter 109] and during the second
one Surah Al- lkhlas[Chapter 112]. When he completes the two Rakaas he
should return to the Black Stone and touch it, if convenient.
He goes out to the Mesa'a and when he nears As-Safaa he
recites: " Verily As- Safaa and Al-Marwah are among the shrines
of Allah" [2:158].
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He ascends As-Safaa until he is able to
see the Ka'bah. Facing the Ka'bah and raising his hands, he praises
Allah and makes any supplications he chooses. The Prophet--may the
peace and blessings of Allah be upon him--prayed thus: "There is no
Deity but Allah alone," three times, supplicating in between.
He descends As-Safaa and heads for Al-
Marwah at a normal pace until he reaches the green marker. He
should then run fast until the next green marker. He continues
toward Al- Marwah at a normal pace. When he reaches it, he ascends it,
faces the Qibla, raises his hands and repeats what he said on
As-Safaa. He descends Al-Marwah heading towards As-Safaa, taking
care to walk where walking is designated, and run where running is
designated.
He continues this procedure until he
completes seven laps. Going from As-Safaa to Al-Marwah is a lap and
returning is another lap. During his Sa'yi he may recite what he
wills of supplications, recitation of Qur'an, and mentioning Allah.
In completion of Sa'yi he shaves his head. A
woman clips her hair the length of a finger tip. Shaving is
preferable, except when Hajj is near and there isn't sufficient
time for hair to grow back. In this case it's best to clip so that hair
will remain for shaving during Hajj. With that, Umrah is completed.
and a pilgrim is free to dress in other clothing, wear perfume and
engage in marital relations, etc.
In the forenoon of the eighth day of Dhul-Hijja, a pilgrim purifies himself once again by bathing as he did before Umrah in the place in which he is staying, if convenient. He puts on his Ihram and says: " Here I am for Hajj. Here I am, oh Allah, here I am. Here I am. You have no partner. Here I am. Surely all praise, grace and dominion is yours, and you have no partners."
If he fears that something will prevent him
from completing his Hajj he should make a condition when he makes
his intentions, saying: " If I am prevented by any obstacle my
place is wherever I am held up." If he has no such fear, he doesn't
make this condition.
A pilgrim goes to Mina and there prays
Dhuhr, Asr, Magrib, Isha and Fajr, shortening his four unit prayers
so as to make them two units each, without combining them.
When the sun rises, he goes to Arafah and
there prays Dhuhr and Asr combined at the time of Dhuhr, making
each one two units. He remains in Namira Mosque until sunset if
possible. He remembers Allah and makes as many supplications as possible
while facing the Qibla. The Prophet-may the peace and blessing of
Allah be upon him-prayed thus: "There is no Deity but Allah alone.
He has no partner. All dominion and praise are His and He is
powerful over all things.
If he grows weary it is permissible for him
to engage in beneficial conversation with his companions or reading
what he can find of beneficial books, especially those concerning
Allah's grace and abundant gifts. This will strengthen his hope in
Allah. He should then return to his supplications and be sure to spend
the end of the day deep in supplication because the best of
supplication is the supplication of the day of Arafah.
At sunset he goes from Arafah to Muzdalifah
and there prays Magrib, Isha, and Fajr. If he is tired or has
little water, it is permissible for him to combine Magrib and Isha.
If he fears that he will not reach Muzdalifah until after midnight, he
should pray before he reaches it for it is not permissible to delay
prayer until after midnight. He remains there, in Muzdalifah,
making supplications and remembering Allah till just before
sunrise.
If he is weak and cannot handle the crowd
during Ar-Ramy, it is permissible for him to go to Mina at the end
of the night to stone the Jamrah before the arrival of the crowd.
Near sunrise, a pilgrim goes from
Muzdalifah to Mina. Upon reaching it he does the following:
Muzdalifah to Mina. Upon reaching it he does the following:
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He throws
seven consecutive pebbles at Jamrah Al-Aqaba which is the closest
monument to Makkah, saying: "Allah is the Greatest," as he throws
each pebble.
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He slaughters the
sacrificial animal, eats some of it, and gives some to the
poor. Slaughter is obligatory on the Mutamati and Qiran.
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He shaves or clips his hair; shaving is preferable. A woman clips her hair the length of a finger-tip.
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These three should be done in the above order if convenient, but there is no restriction if one precedes another.
With that, one is allowed to come out of
Ihram. He can wear other clothing and do everything that was lawful
before Ihram except engaging in marital relations. He goes to
Makkah to perform Tawaf Al-lfadha and Sa'yi, also for Hajj. It is Sunnah
to put perfume on before going to Makkah.
With the completion of this Tawaf and Sa'yi,
a pilgrim is allowed to do everything that was lawful before
Ihram, including engaging in marital relations. After performing
Tawaf and Sa'yi, he returns to Mina to spend the nights of the eleventh
and twelfth days there.
He stones the three Jamrah in the afternoon
of both the eleventh and twelfth days. He starts with the first
Jamrah, which is furthest from Makkah, then the middle one, and
lastly Jamrah Al-Aqaba. Each one should be stoned with seven consecutive
pebbles accompanied by Takbeer. He stops after the first and
middle Jamrah to make supplications facing the Qibla. It is not
permissible to stone before noon on these two days. It is best to
walk to the Jamrah, but riding is permissible.
If he is in a hurry after stoning on the
twelfth day, he leaves Mina before sunset. But if he wishes to
prolong his stay, which is best, he spends the night of the
thirteenth in Mina and stones that afternoon in the same
manner as on the twelfth day.
manner as on the twelfth day.
When he is ready to return to his country,
he makes Tawaf Al-Wadaa, which is seven circuits around the Ka'bah.
Menstruating women and women experiencing postnatal discharge are
not obligated to perform
Tawaf Al -Wadaa.
Tawaf Al -Wadaa.
Visiting The Prophet's Mosque
1. A pilgrim goes to Madina before or after Hajj with the intention of visiting the Prophet's mosque and praying in it. Prayer there is better than a thousand prayers elsewhere except in the Holy Mosque in Makkah.
2. Upon reaching the mosque he prays two Rakaas of salutation or performs any obligatory prayer that is due.
3. He goes to the grave of the Prophet -may
the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him - and he stands before
it. He greets him saying the "May the peace, mercy, and blessings
of Allah be upon you, oh Prophet. May Allah grant you a good reward
on behalf of your people. " He takes a step or two to his right to
position himself before Abu-Bakr and greets him saying : "May the
peace, mercy, and blessing of Allah be upon you. oh Abu-Bakr,
Caliph of the Messenger of Allah. May Allah be pleased with you and
grant you a good reward on behalf of Muhammad's people." Then he takes a
step or two to his right to position himself before Umar and
greets him saying: " May the peace, mercy and blessings of Allah be
upon you, oh Umar, Prince of the believers. May Allah be pleased
with you and grant you a good reward on behalf of Muhammad's
people."
4. In a state of purity, he goes to pray in Qubaa Mosque.
5. He goes to Al-Baqee to visit Uthman's
grave- may Allah be pleased with him. He stands before it and
greets him saying: "May the peace, mercy and blessing of Allah be
upon you, oh Uthman- Prince of the believers. May Allah be pleased with
you and grant you a good reward on behalf of Muhammad's people." He
greets any other Muslims in Al-Baqee.
6. He goes to Uhud and visits the grave of
Hamza- may Allah be pleased with him- and the other martyrs there
with him. He greets them and preys to Allah to grant them
forgiveness, mercy, and pleasure.
Notification
The following is incumbent upon the Muhrim for Hajj or Umrah:
1. That he be committed to Allah's religious obligations upon him such as prayer in its time (in congregation for men).
2. That he avoids what Allah has prohibited
such as obscenity, inequity, and disobedience. if anyone undertakes
Hajj therein. Let there be no obscenity, nor wickedness, nor
wrangling during Hajj ~ [2:197].
3. That he avoids harming the Muslims with words or actions within the Masha'ir or elsewhere.
4. That he avoids all of the restrictions of Ihram:
a. He shouldn't cause the loss of any of his hair or nails. A prick by a thorn and the like is unobjectionable, even if there is bleeding.
b. He shouldn't perfume himself, his clothing, his food or his drink after entering Ihram. He should also abstain from cleansing himself with scented soap. There is no harm in what remains of the effect of perfume used prior to Ihram.
c. He shouldn't touch, kiss, etc. his spouse out of passion and, even worse, shouldn't have sexual intercourse.
d. He shouldn't be wed or propose to a woman for himself or others.
e. He shouldn't wear gloves, although there is no harm in wrapping the hands in cloth. This ruling goes for both men and women.
The following pertains specifically to men:
a. He cannot cover his head with something that touches it, although there is no harm in the use of an umbrella, the roof of a car or tent for shade. There is also no harm in carrying his baggage atop his head.
b. He cannot wear a shirt, turban, hooded cloak trousers, or shoes. Only if he is unable to obtain an Ezar or sandals can he wear trousers or shoes.
c. He cannot wear anything with the same qualities of the above mentioned such as an Abea', Qubaa, hat, undershirt, etc.
It is permissible for him to wear sandals,
rings, glasses, a hearing aid. a watch, worn on his wrist or hung
from his neck, or a speech aid. It is permissible for him to
cleanse himself with unscented cleansers and to wash and scratch his
head and body, even if some of his hair falls unintentionally. In
such a case there is no obligation on him because of it.
A woman cannot wear a Niqab or Burqa'. The
Sunnah is for her to uncover her face except if men not related to
her might see her, in which case it is obligatory for her to cover
her face during Ihram and otherwise. Allah is the giver of success. May
His blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad and all of his family
and companions.
By the needy before Allah, Muhammad As-Salih Al-Uthaimeen
Abaya' cloak-like, woolen wrap.
Abu Bakr first Muslim Caliph.
Al-Baqee' a place in Madina.
Al-ldhtebaa placing the middle of the Reda' under the right arm and the ends ofit over the left shoulder during Tawaf.
Al-lkhlas Chapter 112 of theQur'an(Purity of Faith).
Al-Kafirun Chapter 109 of the Qur'an ( Those who reject Faith).
Al-Marwah name of the hillock where a Muslim begins Sa'yi.
Al-Raml walking quickly but with small steps during the first three circuits of Tawaf.
Arafah the most important stop during Hajj, located beyond Muzdalifah.
Ar-Ramy The Stoning.
As-Safaa name of the hillock where a Muslim ends his last lap of Sa'yi.
Asr the afternoon prayer.
Burqa' a face veil like a Niqab.
Dhul-Hijja the twelfth month of the Islamic calendar.
Dhuhr the noon prayer.
Eid celebration for Muslims.
Ezaar lower cloth of Ihram.
Fajr dawn prayer.
Hajj official Muslim pilgrimage to Makkah.
Hamza one of the Prophet's uncles and a martyr during the battle of Uhud.
Ifraad isolated form of Hajj.
Ihram the ceremonial state of making Hajj or the Hajj garments themselves.
Isha night prayer.
Jamrah Monument in Mina.
Jamrah Al Aqaba-the monument closest to Makkah.
Ka'bah the house of Allah in the Holy Mosque in Makkah.
Magrib dusk prayer.
Maqam Ibrahim the stepping stone of the prophet Abraham.
Mes'aa the stretch between As- Safaa and Al - Marwah.
Masha'ir ceremonial shrines.
Mina one of the ceremonial shrines, a valley near Makkah.
Muhammad the last of the prophets, the prophet of Islam.
Muhrim a person in Ihram.
Mutamati a pilgrim performing Hajj Tamattu'.
Muzdalifah one of the ceremonial shrines of Hajj, between
Mina and Arafah.
Namira mosque in Mina.
Niqab a face veil revealing the eyes through slashes
Qiran a pilgrim performing Hajj Qiran.
Qibla the direction Muslims face to pray.
Qiraan Accompanied form of Hajj.
Quba a mosque in Madina, used to be on the outskirts.
Qur'an the Book of Allah.
Rakaa a unit of prayer.
Reda' the upper cloth of Ihram.
Rukn Al Yamani-the corner of the Ka'bah which faces Yemen.
Sa'yi the walk made between As-Safaa and Al -Marwah.
Sunnah way of the Prophet.
Surah a chapter of the Qur'an.
Takbeer saying "Allahu Akbar ("Allah is Greatest")
Talbeeya the supplication a Muslim recites once he is in
Ihram and has made his intention.
Tamattu' enjoyable form of Hajj.
Tarwiyya the eighth of Dhul-Hijja.
Tawaf circumambulation of the Ka'bah
Tawaf Al-lfadha tawaf for Hajj.
Tawaf Al-Wadaa farewell Tawaf.
Uhud the name of a mountain in Medina and the site of the battle by this name.
Umar the second Muslim Caliph and first Prince of the believers.
Umrah-minor Hajj the combination of Tawaf and Sa'yi.
Uthman the third Muslim Caliph and second Prince of thebelievers.
Wudhu ablution.
Abu Bakr first Muslim Caliph.
Al-Baqee' a place in Madina.
Al-ldhtebaa placing the middle of the Reda' under the right arm and the ends ofit over the left shoulder during Tawaf.
Al-lkhlas Chapter 112 of theQur'an(Purity of Faith).
Al-Kafirun Chapter 109 of the Qur'an ( Those who reject Faith).
Al-Marwah name of the hillock where a Muslim begins Sa'yi.
Al-Raml walking quickly but with small steps during the first three circuits of Tawaf.
Arafah the most important stop during Hajj, located beyond Muzdalifah.
Ar-Ramy The Stoning.
As-Safaa name of the hillock where a Muslim ends his last lap of Sa'yi.
Asr the afternoon prayer.
Burqa' a face veil like a Niqab.
Dhul-Hijja the twelfth month of the Islamic calendar.
Dhuhr the noon prayer.
Eid celebration for Muslims.
Ezaar lower cloth of Ihram.
Fajr dawn prayer.
Hajj official Muslim pilgrimage to Makkah.
Hamza one of the Prophet's uncles and a martyr during the battle of Uhud.
Ifraad isolated form of Hajj.
Ihram the ceremonial state of making Hajj or the Hajj garments themselves.
Isha night prayer.
Jamrah Monument in Mina.
Jamrah Al Aqaba-the monument closest to Makkah.
Ka'bah the house of Allah in the Holy Mosque in Makkah.
Magrib dusk prayer.
Maqam Ibrahim the stepping stone of the prophet Abraham.
Mes'aa the stretch between As- Safaa and Al - Marwah.
Masha'ir ceremonial shrines.
Mina one of the ceremonial shrines, a valley near Makkah.
Muhammad the last of the prophets, the prophet of Islam.
Muhrim a person in Ihram.
Mutamati a pilgrim performing Hajj Tamattu'.
Muzdalifah one of the ceremonial shrines of Hajj, between
Mina and Arafah.
Namira mosque in Mina.
Niqab a face veil revealing the eyes through slashes
Qiran a pilgrim performing Hajj Qiran.
Qibla the direction Muslims face to pray.
Qiraan Accompanied form of Hajj.
Quba a mosque in Madina, used to be on the outskirts.
Qur'an the Book of Allah.
Rakaa a unit of prayer.
Reda' the upper cloth of Ihram.
Rukn Al Yamani-the corner of the Ka'bah which faces Yemen.
Sa'yi the walk made between As-Safaa and Al -Marwah.
Sunnah way of the Prophet.
Surah a chapter of the Qur'an.
Takbeer saying "Allahu Akbar ("Allah is Greatest")
Talbeeya the supplication a Muslim recites once he is in
Ihram and has made his intention.
Tamattu' enjoyable form of Hajj.
Tarwiyya the eighth of Dhul-Hijja.
Tawaf circumambulation of the Ka'bah
Tawaf Al-lfadha tawaf for Hajj.
Tawaf Al-Wadaa farewell Tawaf.
Uhud the name of a mountain in Medina and the site of the battle by this name.
Umar the second Muslim Caliph and first Prince of the believers.
Umrah-minor Hajj the combination of Tawaf and Sa'yi.
Uthman the third Muslim Caliph and second Prince of thebelievers.
Wudhu ablution.
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