Masjid Al-Aqsa in Ahadith

Glorified (and Exalted) be He (Allah) Who took His slave (Muhammad SAW) for a journey by night from Al-Masjid-al-Haram (at Makkah) to the farthest mosque (in Jerusalem), the neighbourhood whereof We have blessed, in order that We might show him (Muhammad SAW) of Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, lessons, signs, etc.). Verily, He (Allah) is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer. (17:1)

Introduction
Of all the symbols of Islam, the most neglected in our time is Masjid Al-Aqsa, in Jerusalem. The Ummah for various reasons, from political compromise to appeasement, has ignored not only the virtues but also the plight of this Holy site.
It is with the intention to rekindle the love, affection and devotion of Muslims to Masjid Al-Aqsa that we present these Ahadith. Since the Prophet (saw) showed such great concern and inculcated into the Companions (ra - may Allah be pleased with them all), the need to liberate Masjid Al-Aqsa and Jerusalem. I hope that we can adorn the teachings of our noble Prophet (saw) and take the urgent practical steps required to safeguard Masjid Al-Aqsa.
Masjid Al-Aqsa is no ordinary Masjid; it forms the basis of our history and it is the cornerstone of mankind's foundation. The noble Prophet (saw) dedicated a great deal of his life in nurturing the Companions to appreciate the excellent qualities of Masjid Al-Aqsa and prepared them to embark on an expedition to liberate Jerusalem which at the time was in the hands of the mighty Roman empire.
Some of the reasons why Masjid Al-Aqsa should form an important aspect of a believer's dedication, where many pious individuals have given their wealth and lives, include the fact that Masjid Al-Aqsa is:

• the first Qiblah of the Muslims
• the station of Al-Isra and Al-Miraj (the miraculous journey of Mohammed saw)
• the second house of Allah built on earth
• the place where hundreds of Messengers of Allah are buried
• the place where many companions are buried
• a place where miracles were shown by Allah's will
• a place which Allah Himself calls a 'blessed place'
• referred to directly and indirectly, 70 times in the Holy Quran
• the place where Angels have descended with Allah's message
• the only place on earth where all the Messengers of Allah prayed at the same time led by the Mohammed (saw)
• the only Masjid mentioned by name in the Holy Quran a part from the Ka'bah

It is for the above mentioned reasons and many more that we need to understand our responsibilities regarding safeguarding Masjid Al-Aqsa which is in great danger of being demolished by extremist jews.

Masjid Al-Aqsa - The Second House of Allah on Earth
1, Abu Dharr (ra) reported that he asked the Prophet (saw), "O Messenger of Allah, which Masjid was built first on earth"? The Prophet (saw) replied, "The Sacred Masjid of Makkah". Abu Dharr (ra) again asked, "Which was next"? The Prophet (saw) said, "Masjid Al-Aqsa". Abu Dharr (ra) further asked, "How long was the period between the building of the two Masjids"? The Prophet (saw) said, "Forty years". Apart from these, offer your prayer anywhere when it is time to pray, although excellence is in praying in these Masjids". (Bukhari)

The Importance of Visiting Masjid Al-Aqsa
2, Abu Hurayrah (ra) relates that the Prophet (saw) said, "You should not undertake a special journey to visit any place other than the following three Masjids with the expectations of getting greater reward: the Sacred Masjid of Makkah (Ka'bah), this Masjid of mine (the Prophet's Masjid in Madinah), and Masjid Al-Aqsa (of Jerusalem)". In another narration the words are, "For three Masjids a special journey may be undertaken: The Sacred Masjid (Ka'bah), my Masjid and Masjid of Jerusalem (Al-Aqsa). (Muslim, Bukhari, Abu Dawud)

Greater Virtue of praying in Masjid Al-Aqsa
3, Abu Darda (ra) relates that the Prophet (saw) said, "A prayed in Makkah (Ka'bah) is worth 1000,000 times (reward), a prayer in my Masjid (Madinah) is worth 1,000 times and a prayer in Al-Aqsa Sanctuary is worth 500 times more reward than anywhere else". (Tabarani, Bayhaqi, Suyuti)

4, Anas Ibn Malik (ra) relates that the Prophet (saw) said, " The prayer of a person in his house is a single prayer; his prayer in the Masjid of his people has the reward of 27 prayers; his prayer in the Masjid in which the Friday prayer is observed has the reward of 500; his prayer in Masjid Al-Aqsa (i.e. Al-Aqsa Sanctuary) has a reward of 5,000 prayers; his prayer in my Masjid (the Prophet's Masjid in Madinah) has a reward of 50,000 prayers, and the prayer in the Sacred Masjid (Ka'bah) has the reward of 100,000 prayers". (Tirmidhi, Ibn Majah)

The Importance of Donating to Masjid Al-Aqsa
5, Abdullah Ibn Umar (ra) relates, I asked the Prophet (saw), "Apostle of Allah, tell us the legal injunction about (visiting) Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem)." The Apostle of Allah (saw) said, " Go and pray there. If you cannot visit it and pray there, then send some oil to be used in the lamps". (Bukhari)

6, Maymunah Bint Sa'd (ra) relates that she asked the Prophet (saw), "O Messenger of Allah, inform us about Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem)". He said, "Visit it for prayer ". She further asked, "If one of us cannot visit it, what should we do"? He said, "If you cannot go for prayer then send some oil to be used for its lamps, will be as if he has prayed in it". (Ahmad, Ibn Majah, Abu Dawud, Tabarani)

The Virtues of Wearing Ihram From Masjid Al-Aqsa
7, Umm Salamah (ra) relates that the Prophet (saw) said, "If anyone puts on Ihram for Hajj or Umrah from Masjid Al-Aqsa and then proceeds to the Sacred Masjid (Ka'bah), their past and future sins will be forgiven, or they will be entered into Paradise". (Abu Dawud)

The Blessed Land of Masjid Al-Aqsa
8, Zaid Ibn Thabit (ra) reports that the Prophet (saw) said, "How blessed is Al-Sham"! The Companions (ra) asked, "Why is that"? The Messenger (saw) replied, "I see the Angels of Allah spreading their wings over Al-Sham". Ibn Abbas (ra) added, "And the Prophets lived therein. There is not a single inch in Al-Quds (Jerusalem) where a Prophet has not prayed or an Angel not stood". (Tirmidhi, Ahmad)

9, The Prophet Mohammed (saw) said, "Allah has blessed what lies between Al-'Arish (in Egypt) and the Euphrates and has made Palestine particularly Holy". (Kanz Al-Umal)

Masjid Al-Aqsa - The First Qiblah (direction of prayer)
10, Abdullah Ibn Umar (ra) narrates, "We prayed along with the Prophet (saw) facing Al-Quds (Jerusalem) for 16 or 17 months. Then Allah ordered him saw) to turn his face towards the Ka'bah (in Makkah). (Bukhari)

11, Al-Bara (ra) added, "Before we changed our direction towards the Ka'bah in prayer, some Muslims had died or had been killed and we did not know what to say about them (regarding their prayers). Allah then revealed: And Allah would never make your faith (prayers) to be lost (i.e. the prayers of those Muslims facing Bayt Al-Maqdis were valid) {2:143} (Bukhari)

Masjid Al-Aqsa - The Station of Al-Isra and Al-Miraj
12, Abu Hurayrah (ra) narrates that the Prophet (saw) said, "On the night journey Allah's Apostle (saw) was taken on a night journey (Al-Isra and Al-Miraj), two cups, one containing wine and the other containing milk were presented to him (saw) at Al-Quds (Jerusalem). He looked at them and took the cup of milk. Angel Gabriel said, "Praise be to Allah, who guided you to Al-Fitrah (the right path); if you had taken (the cup of) wine, your Ummah would have gone astray". (Bukhari)

13, Regarding the statement of Allah in the Holy Quran, "And We granted the vision (ascension to the Heavens) which we made you see (as an actual eye witness) was only made as a trial for the people". (17:60) Ibn Abbas (ra) said, "The sights which Allah's Apostle was shown on the Night journey where he was taken to Bayt Al-Maqdis (i.e. Jerusalem) were actual sights, (not dreams). And the Cursed tree (mentioned) in the Quran is the tree of Zaqqum. (Bukhari)

14, Jabir Ibn Abdullah (ra) relates that the Prophet (saw) said, "When the people of Quraysh did not believe me (i.e. the story of his Miraculous Night Journey), I stood up in Al-Hijr and Allah displayed Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem in front of me, and I began describing it to them while I was looking at it". (Bukhari)

15, Abdullah Ibn Hawwala (ra) reports that the Prophet (saw) said, "I saw on the night of Al-Isra and Al-Miraj (the Night Journey) a white column resembling a pearl which the Angels were carrying . I asked them, "What are you carrying"? They said, "The Column of the Book, we have been ordered to place it in Al-Sham. Later in my sleep, I saw the Column of the Book being taken away from under my headrest. I began to fear lest Allah the Almighty had abandoned the people of the earth. My eyes followed the Column of the Book. It was a brilliant light in front of me. Then I saw it was placed in A;-Sham. (Tabarani)

16, Anas (ra) relates that the Prophet (saw) said, "I was brought the Buraq, a tall white beast, bigger than a donkey, smaller than a mule. It could place his hooves at the farthest boundary of his gaze. I mounted it until I arrived at Bayt Al-Maqdis. I tied it at the ring where the Prophets tied it before (i.e. Buraq Wall or the Western Wall). I entered Masjid Al-Aqsa Sanctuary and prayed 2 rak'ah there..." (Muslim)

Masjid Al-Aqsa - The Place for Major Events
17, Mujamma Ibn Al-Harith (ra) narrates that the Prophet (saw) said, "Ibn Maryam (Jesus) will kill Al-Dajjal (the Anti-Christ) at the door of Ludd (a town in Palestine)". (Ahmad, Tirmidhi)

18, The Messenger of Allah (saw) said regarding Al-Dajjal: "He will stay in the land forty days; he will enter every place on earth except the Ka'bah, the Prophet's Masjid, Al-Aqsa Sanctuary and Mount Sinai". (Ahmad)

19, Nahik Ibn Suraym Al-Sakuni (ra) relates that the Prophet (saw) said, "You will fight the pagans until the remnant of you fights on the river of Jordan, you to the east of it (present day Jordan) and they to the west of it (occupied Palestine)". (Ibn Hajar Al-Asqalani)

20, Maymunah Bint Sa'd (ra) reports that she asked the Prophet (saw), "O Messenger of Allah, give us a pronouncement about Al-Quds (Jerusalem)". The Prophet (saw) replied, "It is the land where they will be raised (Al-Hashr) and gathered (Al-Mahshar)". (Ahmad, Tabarani)

21, Muadh Ibn Jabal (ra) relates that the Prophet (saw) said, "The Flourishing state of Al-Quds (Jerusalem) (under the non-Muslims) will be taken when Yathrib is in ruins, the ruined state of Yathrib will be when the Great War comes, the outbreak of the Great War will be at the conquest of Constantinople and the conquest of Constantinople when Al-Dajjal (Anti-Christ) comes forth". He (the Prophet) struck his thigh with his hand and said, "This is as true as you are here or as you are sitting (meaning Muadh Ibn Jabal). (Abu Dawud)

22, Awf Ibn Malik (ra) reports that the Prophet (saw) said, "The rest of the world will be destroyed forty years before Al-Sham is". (Ibn Asakir)

23, The Messenger of Allah (saw) said regarding the inhabitants of the blessed land, "They and their wives, children and slaves (male and female) are in ribat (guardians, literally a fort) in the cause of Allah". (Tabarani)

24, Al-Nawwas Ibn Saman Alkalbi (ra) narrates that the Prophet (saw) said, "If Al-Dajjal comes forth while I am amongst you then I shall dispute with him on your behalf, but if he comes after I am not with you, a man must dispute on his own behalf, and Allah will take to protecting every Muslim. Those of you who live up to his time should recite over him the opening verses of Surah Kahf, for they are your protection from his trial". We asked, "How long will he remain on earth"? He (saw) replied, "Forty days, one like a year (1 day will be equivalent to 1 year), one like a month, one like a week and the rest of his days like yours"? We asked, "Will one day's prayer suffice us in the day which will be like a year"? He replied, "No, you must estimate of its extent. Then Isa (Jesus), son of Maryam (Virgin Mary) will descend at the white minaret to the east of Damascus. He will then catch Al-Dajjal up at the gates of Ludd and kill him". (Abu Dawud)

Masjid Al-Aqsa - The place of Mujahideen
25, Umamah Al-Bahili (ra) reports that the Prophet (saw) said, "A group of my Ummah will remain on truth, they will vanquish their enemy and those who disagree with them will not be able to harm them until Allah commands". "Where are these people"? The Companions (ra) asked. The Prophet (saw) said, "In and around Al-Quds (Jerusalem). (Ahmad)

26, Muawiyah Ibn Sufyan (ra) relates that the Prophet (saw) said, "There is a group among my followers who will continue to be openly on the truth. No one who opposes them can harm them until the coming of the Hour". The Companions (ra) asked, "Where will they be"? The Messenger of Allah said, "They will be in and around Bayt Al-Maqdis (i.e. Jerusalem)". (Ahmad)

27, Abu Hurayrah (ra) relates that the Prophet (saw) said, "A group of my Ummah will not cease to fight at the gates of Damascus and at the gates of Al-Quds (Jerusalem) and its surroundings. The betrayal or desertion of whoever deserts them will not harm them in the least. They will remain victorious, standing for the truth, until the Final Hour rises". (Tabarani)

Masjid Al-Aqsa - The Best Place of Residence
28, Abdullah Ibn Umar (ra) reports that the Prophet (saw) said, There will be migration upon migration. The best of the inhabitants of earth will reside where Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) migrated (Jerusalem)". (Abu Dawud)

Masjid Al-Aqsa - The Desired Site of Musa (Moses)
29, Abu Hurayrah (ra) reports that the Prophet (saw) said, "The Angel of death was sent to Musa. When he came to Musa, Musa punched him on the eye. The Angel returned to Allah and said, "You sent me to a servant who does not want to die". Allah ordered the Angel, 'Return to him and tell him to put his hand on the back of an ox and for every hair that will come under it, he will be granted one year of life'. Musa asked, "O Lord! What will happen after that"? Allah replied, 'Then death'. Musa decided, let it be now'. Musa then requested Allah to let him die close to the Sacred Land (near Masjid Al-Aqsa) so much so that he would be at a distance of a stone's throw form it". Abu Hurayrah (ra) added, the Prophet (saw) then said, "If I were there, I would show you his grave below the red sand hill on the side of the road". (Bukhari)

Liberation of Masjid Al-Aqsa Prophesied
30, Awf Ibn Malik relates, "I went to the Prophet (saw) during the battle of Tabuk while he was sitting in a leather tent. He said, 'Awf, Count six signs, between now and the approach of the Hour (Qiyamah/Doomsday): my death, the conquest of Al-Quds (Jerusalem); a plague that will afflict you (and kill you in great numbers) as the plague that afflicts sheep; the increase of wealth to such an extent that even if one is given 100 hundred Dinars (Arabian currency), he will not be satisfied; then an affliction which no Arab house will escape; and then a truce between you and Banu Asfar (i.e. Byzantines) who will betray you and attack you under eighty flags. Under each flag will be twelve thousand soldiers". (Bukhari)

31, Shadad Ibn Aws (ra) reports that the Prophet (saw) said, "l-Sham will be conquered and Al-Quds (Jerusalem) will be conquered and you or your sons will be Imams there, if Allah will". (Tabarani)

The Preference of Masjid Al-Aqsa
32, Once the Prophet (saw) advised Abdullah Ibn Hawwala (ra) to join the army in al-Sham, over any other. However, the Prophet (saw), noticing Ibn Hawwala's indifference said, "Do you know what Allah says about Al-Sham? Allah said, 'Al-Sham you are the quintessence of My lands (safwati min biladi) and I shall inhabit you with the chosen ones among My servants'". (Tabarani)

33, Abdullah Ibn Amr (ra) reports that the Prophet (saw) repeated the following statement three times: "When the dissension takes place belief shall be in Al-Sham". One version of hadith states, "safety will be in Al-Sham". (Tabarani)

34, Abdullah Ibn Hawwala reports that the Prophet (saw) said, "At some point you will be (split into) standing armies: one army in Al-Sham, on in Yemen and one in Iraq". Abdullah Ibn Hawala asked he Prophet (saw), "Choose for me, Messenger of Allah in case I live to see that day". The Prophet (Saw) replied, "You must go to Al-Sham, for it is the chosen land of Allah in all His earth. He protects, by sending them there, the chosen ones among His servants. If you do not wish to go there, then go to Yemen. Allah has given me guarantee concerning Al-Sham and its people. (Abu Dawud, Ahmad)

Masjid Al-Aqsa - The Site of the Future Caliphate
35, Abdullah Ibn Hawwala Al-Azdi (ra) reported, the Prophet (saw) put his hand on my head and said, "Ibn Hawwala if you see that the Caliphate has taken abode in the Holy Land then the earthquakes and tribulations and great events are at hand. The last Hour on that day will be closer to people than my hand is to your head". (Ahmad, Abu Dawud)

36, Yunus Ibn Maysarah (r) relates that the Prophet (saw) said, "This matter (the Caliphate) will be after me in Madinah, then Al-Sham, then Al-Jazira, then Iraq, then in Madinah, then in AL-quds (Jerusalem). If it is in Al-Quds, its home country is there, and if any people expel it, it will not return there forever". (Ibn Asakir)

37, Al-Numan Ibn Bashir (ra) relates that the Prophet (saw) said, "Prophethood will last with you for as long as Allah wants it. Then Allah will end it if He wishes to end it. Then there will be the Rightly Guided Caliphs according to the method of Prophethood and things will be as Allah wishes them. Then Allah will end it if He wishes it. Then there will be a voracious kingdom and things will be as Allah wishes them. Then Allah will end it if He wishes. Then there will be Khilafah (Caliphate) according to the method of Prophethood. Thereafter the Prophet (saw) fell silent". (Ahmad)

38, Abd Al-Rahman Ibn Abi Umayrah (ra) relates that the Prophet (saw) said, "There will be an oath of allegiance according to guidance in Al-Quds (Jerusalem)". (Bukhari, Muslim)

Masjid Al-Aqsa - The Place Where Allah's Revelation Descended
39, Abu Umama (ra) reports that the Prophet (saw) said, "Prophethood descended upon me in three places: Makkah, Madinah and Al-Sham. Once it is brought out from any of them, it shall never return to it". (Abu Dawud) In another narration it states, "The Quran was revealed in three places - Makkah, Madinah and Al-Sham". (Tabarani) Ibn Kathir, the great scholar of Islam, said, "Al-Sham here means Bayt Al-Maqdis (Jerusalem). (Abu Dawud, Tabarani)

Masjid Al-Aqsa - Mentioned By Name In The Holy Quran
40, Aishah (ra) reports that the Prophet (saw) used to recite Surah Al-Isra every night in his prayer:
Glorified (and Exalted) be He (Allah) Who took His slave (Muhammad SAW) for a journey by night from Al-Masjid-al-Haram (at Makkah) to the farthest mosque (in Jerusalem), the neighbourhood whereof We have blessed, in order that We might show him (Muhammad SAW) of Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, lessons, signs, etc.). Verily, He is the All-Hearer, the All-Seer. (17:1)

Islamic Human Rights Constitution

The First Written Constitution Of Human History An excerpt from the book Constitutional Analysis of the Constitution of Madina.

Article 1 ~
Constitutional Document:This is a constitutional document given by Muhammad (Peace be upon him), the prophet, (Messenger of Allah).

Article 2 ~
Constitutional Subjects of the State:
(This shall be a pact) Between the Muslims of Quraysh, the people of Yathrib (Citizens of Madina) and those who shall follow them and become attached to them (politically) and fight along with them. (All these communities shall be the constitutional subjects of the state)

Article 3 ~
Formation of the Constitutional Nationality:
The aforementioned communities shall formulate a Constitutional Unity as distinct from (other) people.

Article 4 ~
Validation and Enforcement of the former tribal laws of 'blood money' for the emigrant Quraysh:

The emigrants from Quraysh shall be responsible for their wards and they shall, according to their former approved practice, jointly pay the blood money in mutual collaboration and every group shall secure the release of their prisoners by paying the ransom. Moreover, the deal among the believers shall be in accordance with the recognized principals of law and justice.

Article 5 ~
Validation of the former laws of blood money for Banu Auf:

And the emigrants from Banu Auf shall be responsible for their ward and they shall, according to their former approved practice, jointly pay the blood money in mutual collaboration and every group shall secure the release of their prisoners by paying the ransom. Moreover, the deal among the believers shall be in accordance with the recognized principles of law and justice.

 Article 6 ~
Validation of the former laws of blood money for Banu Harith:

And the emigrants from Banu Harith shall be responsible for their ward and they shall, according to their former approved practice, jointly pay the blood money in mutual collaboration and every group shall secure the release of their prisoners by paying the ransom. Moreover, the deal among the believers shall be in accordance with the recognized principles of law and justice.

Article 7 ~
Validation of the former laws of blood money for Banu Saida:

And the emigrants from Banu Saida shall be responsible for their ward and they shall, according to their former approved practice, jointly pay the blood money in mutual collaboration and every group shall secure the release of their prisoners by paying the ransom. Moreover, the deal among the believers shall be in accordance with the recognized principles of law and justice.

Article 8 ~
Validation of the former laws of blood money for Banu Jusham:

And the emigrants from Banu Jusham shall be responsible for their ward and they shall, according to their former approved practice, jointly pay the blood money in mutual collaboration and every group shall secure the release of their prisoners by paying the ransom. Moreover, the deal among the believers shall be in accordance with the recognized principles of law and justice.

Article 9 ~
Validation of the former laws of blood money for Banu Najjar:

And the emigrants from Banu Najjar shall be responsible for their ward and they shall, according to their former approved practice, jointly pay the blood money in mutual collaboration and every group shall secure the release of their prisoners by paying the ransom. Moreover, the deal among the believers shall be in accordance with the recognized principles of law and justice.

Article 10 ~
Validation of the former laws of blood money for Banu Amr:

And the emigrants from Banu Amr shall be responsible for their ward and they shall, according to their former approved practice, jointly pay the blood money in mutual collaboration and every group shall secure the release of their prisoners by paying the ransom. Moreover, the deal among the believers shall be in accordance with the recognized principles of law and justice.

Article 11 ~
Validation of the former laws of blood money for Banu Nabeet:

And the emigrants from Banu Nabeet shall be responsible for their ward and they shall, according to their former approved practice, jointly pay the blood money in mutual collaboration and every group shall secure the release of their prisoners by paying the ransom. Moreover, the deal among the believers shall be in accordance with the recognized principles of law and justice.

Article 12 ~
Validation of the former laws of blood money for Banu Aws

And the emigrants from Banu Aws shall be responsible for their ward and they shall, according to their former approved practice, jointly pay the blood money in mutual collaboration and every group shall secure the release of their prisoners by paying the ransom. Moreover, the deal among the believers shall be in accordance with the recognized principles of law and justice.

Article 13 ~
Indiscriminate rule of law and justice for all the communities:

And every group shall secure the release of its captives ensuring that an indiscriminate rule of law and justice is applied among the believers. 

Article 14 ~
Prohibition of relaxation in execution of law:

The believers shall not leave a debtor among them, but shall help him in paying for his ransom (out of debt), according to what shall be considered fair.

Article 15 ~
Prohibition of Unjust favoritism

A believer shall not form an alliance with the associate of (another) believer without the (latter’s) consent. 

Article 16 ~
Collective resistances against injustice, terror and mischief 

There shall be collective resistance by the believers against any individual who rises in rebellion, attempts to acquire anything by force, violates any pledge or attempts to spread mischief amongst the believers.
Such collective resistance against the perpetrator shall occur even if he is the son of anyone of them (believers). 

Article 17 ~
Prohibition of killing of a Muslim by a Muslim

A believer shall not kill (another) believer (in retaliation) for an unbeliever, nor help an unbeliever against a believer.

Article 18 ~
Guarantee of equal right of life protection for all the Muslims

The security of God (granted under this constitution) is one. This protection can be granted even by the humblest of the believers (that would be equally binding for all).

Article 19 ~
Distinctive identity of the Muslims against other constitutional communities

The believers shall be the associates of one another against all other people (of the world).

Article 20 ~
Non-Muslim minorities (Jews) have the same right of life protection (like Muslims)

A Jew, who obeys us (the state) shall enjoy the same right of life protection( as the believers do), so long as they (the believers) are not wronged by him. (the Jews), and he does not help (others) against them.

Article 21 ~
Guarantee of peace and security for all the Muslims bases on equality and justice. And verily the peace granted by the believers shall be one. If there is any war in the way of Allah, no believers shall make any treaty of peace (with the enemy) apart from other believers, unless that is based on equality and fairness among all.

Article 22 ~
Law of relief for war allies

Every war ally of ours shall receive relief turns (at riding) at all military duties.

Article 23 ~
Law of vengeance for the Muslims in case bloodshed in the way of Allah

The believers shall execute vengeance for one another for the bloodshed in the way of Allah.

Article 24 ~
Islam is the best code of life

All the God-fearing believers are under the best and most correct guidance of Islam.

Article 25 ~
Prohibition of providing security of life and property to the enemy 

No idolater (or any non-believer among the clans of Madina) shall give protection for property and life to (any of the) Quraysh (because of their being hostile to the state of Madina) nor shall intervene on his behalf against any believer.

Article 26 ~
Execution of the law of retaliation for a Muslim murder 

When anyone intentionally kills a believer, the evidence being clear he shall be killed in retaliation, unless the heirs of the victim are satisfied with the blood money. All the believers shall solidly stand against the murderer and nothing will be lawful for them except opposing him.

Article 27 ~
No protection or concession for the doer of mischief and subversion against the constitution

A believer who believes in God and in the Hereafter and agrees to the contents of this document shall not provide any protection or concession to those who engage in mischief and subversion against this constitution. Those who do so shall face the curse and wrath of God on the Day of Resurrection. Furthermore, nothing shall be accepted from them as a compensation or restitution (in the life hereafter). 

Article 28 ~
The final and absolute authority in the disputes vests in almighty Allah and Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) When anyone among you differs about anything, the dispute shall be referred to Almighty Allah and to the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) (as all final and absolute authority is vested in them). 

Article 29 ~
Proportionate liability of non-Muslim citizens (the Jews) in bearing the war expenses The Jews (non-Muslim minorities) will be subjected to a proportionate liability of the war expenses along with the believers so long as they (the Jews) continue to fight in conjunction with them. 

Article 30 ~
Guarantee of freedom of religion for both the Muslims and non-Muslim minorities (the Jews) The Jews of Banu Awf (non-Muslim minorities) shall be considered a community along with the believers. They shall be guaranteed the right of religious freedom along with the Muslims. The right shall be conferred on their associates as well as themselves except those who are guilty of oppression or the violators of treaties. They will bring evil only on themselves and their family. 

Article 31 ~
Equality of rights for the Jews of Banu Najjar with the Jews of Banu Awf
The Jews of Banu Najjar shall enjoy the same rights as granted to the Jews of Banu Awf.

Article 32 ~
Equality of rights for the Jews of Banu Harith with the Jews of Banu Awf
The Jews of Banu Harith shall enjoy the same rights as granted to the Jews of Banu Awf.

Article 33 ~
Equality of rights for the Jews of Banu Sa'ida with the Jews of Banu Awf
The Jews of Banu Sa'ida shall enjoy the same rights as granted to the Jews of Banu Awf.

Article 34 ~
Equality of rights for the Jews of Banu Jusham with the Jews of Banu Awf
The Jews of Banu Jusham shall enjoy the same rights as granted to the Jews of Banu Awf.

Article 35 ~
Equality of rights for the Jews of Banu Aws with the Jews of Banu Awf
The Jews of Banu Aws shall enjoy the same rights as granted to the Jews of Banu Awf. 

Article 36 ~
Equality of rights for the Jews of Banu Tha'laba with the Jews of Banu Awf
The Jews of Banu Tha'laba shall enjoy the same rights as granted to the Jews of Banu Awf except who are guilty of oppression or violate treaties, they will bring evil only on themselves and their family.

Article 37 ~
Equality of rights for Jafna, the branch of Banu Tha'laba, with the Jews of Banu Awf
Jafna, a branch of Banu Thalaba, shall enjoy the same rights as granted to Banu Tha'laba.

Article 38 ~
Equality of rights for the Jews of Banu Shutayba with the Jews of Banu Awf
The Jews of Banu Shutayba shall enjoy the same rights as granted to the Jews of Banu Awf. There shall be complete compliance (with this constitution) and no violation (of its clauses) 

Article 39 ~
Equality of rights for all the associates of the tribe Tha'laba
All the associates of Banu Tha'laba shall enjoy the same rights as granted to Banu Thalaba. 

Article 40 ~
Equality of rights for all branches of the tribes of Yahud (Jewish)
 All sub-branches of the tribes of Yahud shall enjoy the same rights as granted to them (the Jews).

Article 41 ~
Final command and authority in military expeditions vests in the prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon them) Verily, none among the allies shall advance (on a military expedition) without the prior permission of the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon them) (in whom vests the final command and authority). 

Article 42 ~
No exception from the law of retaliation There shall be no impediment on anyone who wished to avenge a wound. 

Article 43 ~
Responsibility of Unlawful Killing Whoever commits an unlawful killing shall be responsible for it himself with his family members but he is exempted in case he kills a cruel. Verily, Allah (is the Trust Helper) support those who adhere completely to this constitution. 

Article 44 ~
Separate liability of war expenses The Jews and the Muslims shall bear their own war expenses separately. 

Article 45 ~
Compulsory mutual help to one another in case of war There shall be mutual help between one another against those engage in war with the allies of this document. 

Article 46 ~
Mutual consultation and honourable dealing There shall be mutual consultation and honourable dealing between the allies and there shall be the fulfilment not the violation, of all pledges. 

Article 47 ~
Law of prohibition of treachery and help of the oppressed No one shall violate the pledge due to his ally and verily; help shall be given to the oppressed. 

Article 48 ~
The Jews (non-Muslim minorities) shall also extend financial support to the state during the war period The Jews (non-Muslims minorities) along with the believers shall extend financial support to the state during the war period. 

Article 49 ~
Prohibition of Fighting and bloodshed among the various communities of the state The valley of Yathrib is sacred and there shall be prohibition of fighting and bloodshed among the various communities of the state. 

Article 50 ~
Equal right of life protection shall be granted to everyone , who has been given the constitutional shelter A person given constitutional shelter shall be granted an equal right of life protection as long as he commits no harm and does not act treacherously. 

Article 51 ~
Law of shelter for the women A woman shall not be given any shelter without the consent of her family. 

Article 52 ~
Authority of Allah and the prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon them) shall be final and absolute authority in all disputes instigating any quarrel And verily if any dispute arises among the parties to this document from which any quarrel may be feared, it shall be referred to God and to Muhammad (Peace be upon them), the Messenger of God, for the final and absolute decision. Verily, God is the Guarantee for the faithful observance of the contents of this constitution (which shall be enforced by the state). 

Article 53 ~
No refuge for the enemies of the state nor for their allies There shall be no refuge for the Quraysh (the enemies of the state) nor for their allies. 

Article 54 ~
Joint responsibility of defence in case of an attack on the state The Muslims and the Jews shall be jointly responsible to defend ( the state of) Madina against any outside attack. 

Article 55 ~
Incumbency of observance of the treaty of peace for every ally It shall be incumbent upon the Jews to observe and adhere to any peace treaty they are invited to participate in. Likewise, it shall also be incumbent upon the Muslims to observe and adhere to any peace treaty, they are invited to. 

Article 56 ~
No treaty shall suspend or negate the responsibility of the protection of Deen (Likewise, it shall be incumbent upon the Muslims also to observe and adhere to any peace treaty that they are invited to), but no treaty will restrain them from fighting for the protection of their Deen. 

Article 57 ~
Every party to treaty shall be responsible for the defence of its facing direction Every party to the treaty shall be responsible for the measures and arrangements of the defence of its facing direction. 

Article 58 ~
The basic constituent members of this document and their associates shall possess the equal constitutional status The Jews of Aws (one of the basic constituent members of this document) and their allies shall posses the same constitutional status as the other parties to this document, with a condition that they should thoroughly sincere and honest in their dealing with the parties. 

Article 59 ~
No party shall have any right of violation of the constitution No party shall have the right to violate the constitution. Every person who is guilty of a crime shall be held responsible for his act alone. 

Article 60 ~
Favour of Almighty Allah will be subject to the observance of the constitution Verily, God is the Guarantee for the faithful observance of the contents of this constitution (which shall be enforced by the state).

Article 61 ~
No traitor or oppressor shall have the right of protection under this document Verily, this constitutional document shall not protect any traitor or oppressor.

Article 62 ~
All peaceful citizens would be in a safe and secure protection Verily, whoever goes out (on a military expedition) shall be provided with security and whoever stays in Madina shall have (likewise), except those who commit oppression and violate the contents of this constitution. 

Article 63 ~
Allah and his Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) are the protectors of the peaceful citizens of Madina who abide by the constitution Verily, Allah and the Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him), the Messenger of God, are the protectors of good citizens and of those who fear from Allah.

Mawlaya Salle Wasallim

ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF ARABIC LYRICS 
Chorus:
Mawlaya salli wa sallim da’iman abadan
‘Ala habibika khayril khalqi kullihimi (x2)
Ya Rabbee salli ‘aleeh (x3)
Salawatu Allahi ‘aleeh
(My Lord send you peace and blessings always and forever
Upon Your beloved, the best of the entire creation (x2)
My Lord send your peace upon him (x3)
May Allah’s salutations be upon him)
All the poetry ever written
Every verse and every line
All the love songs in the world
Every melody and rhyme
If they were combined
They would still be unable to express
What I want to define
When I try to describe my love for you
CHORUS
Every sound and every voice
In every language ever heard
Each drop of ink that has been used
To write every single word
They could never portray
Everything I feel in my heart and want to say
And it’s hard to explain
Why I could never describe my love for you
CHORUS
There’s not a single person
Who can ever match his worth
In character and beauty
To ever walk on earth
I envy every rock and tree
And every grain of sand
That embraced his noble feet
Or that kissed his blessed hands
Ya Rasool Allah
Ya Habiba Allah
Grant us the chance to be with him
We pray to You Allah

 

Aloe Vera - Natural Healer

It was narrated from Nubayh Ibn Wahb that: ‘Umar Ibn ‘Ubaidullah Ibn Ma‘mar had an eye infection, and he wanted to apply kohl to it, but Abaan Ibn ‘Uthman told him not to do that and told him to apply aloe vera to it, and he narrated from ‘Uthman Ibn ‘Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet, blessings and peace of Allah be upon him, did that. (Narrated by Muslim)
According to a report from ‘Uthman Ibn ‘Affan, may Allah be pleased with him, from the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace of Allah be upon him, a man had a problem in his eyes when he was in Ihram and he said: “Apply aloe vera to them.” (Narrated by Muslim)
It was narrated from Qais Ibn Rafi‘ Al-Qaisi that the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace of Allah be upon him, said: “Do you know how much healing there is in the two bitter things: Aloe vera and cress?” (Narrated by Abu Dawood in his Maraseel and by Al-Baihaqi, and narrated from them by Al-Suyooti in Al-Jami‘ As-Sagheer, and there is some weakness in it.)
It was narrated that Umm Salamah, may Allah be pleased with her, said: “The Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace of Allah be upon him, entered upon me when Abu Salamah died, and I had put aloe vera on my eye. He said: ‘What is this, Umm Salamah?’ I said, ‘It is aloe vera, O Messenger of Allah; there is no perfume in it’. He said: ‘It makes the face bright, so do not use it except at night, and do not apply perfume when combing your hair, or henna because it is a dye.’ I said, ‘What should I use when combing my hair, O Messenger of Allah?’ He said: ‘Use lotus leaves, cover your head with them’.” (Narrated by Al-Nasa’i and Abu Dawood. Its isnad includes Al-Mugheerah Ibn Al-Dahhak, who was not regarded as Thiqah by anyone except Ibn Hibban. It also includes two unknown female narrators.)
Al-Baghdadi said, “Aloe vera is a plant that is harvested and pressed and left to dry. The best is that which is brought from Suqatra in Yemen. It wards off the harmful side-effects of medicine if it is mixed with it, and it is beneficial in cases of swelling in the eyelid. It opens blockages in the liver and takes away jaundice, and it is very good for stomach ulcers.”
Al-Kahhal Ibn Tarkhan said, “A man from Oman told me about the place where they press aloe vera in their country. The aloe vera plant is like the green lily, but its leaves are much longer, wider and thicker. It contains a great deal of water. It is gathered and thrown in the press, then it is hit with wood until the juice flows, then this is left until it becomes thick and is exposed to the sun until it dries.”
Aloe vera is a laxative; it cleanses the stomach, dries up ulcers and speeds their healing. It is also clearly beneficial for treating ulcers which occur in the testicles, private part and buttocks, if it is sprinkled on them.
Al-Hafiz Al-Dhahabi says concerning aloe vera, “It is beneficial in cases of swelling in the eye; it opens up blockages in the liver, and takes away jaundice. It is also beneficial in treating stomach ulcers if taken in powdered form.”
Ibn Al-Qayyim said, “Aloe vera is very beneficial, especially the Indian type. It cleanses excess bile in the brain and optical nerve. If applied to the forehead with rose oil, it is beneficial in treating headaches, as well as ulcers in the nose and mouth. The Persian type alerts the brain, comforts the heart and removes excess bile and phlegm from the stomach, if two spoons of it are drunk with water.”
Aloe vera is a long-lived plant of the lily family (Lilasceae). It is a desert plant and evergreen which is widely cultivated in the Hejaz, Abha, Yemen, Suqatra, Hadhramawt, Oman, Egypt, and semi-tropical areas in Africa, Peru, Sumatra and elsewhere.
It may be grown in any month of the year apart from January, but it is preferable to grow it at the beginning of spring and summer. The plant reaches a height of 40 to 50 cm. Its leaves are thick, fleshy, succulent and compact with serrated edges. The base of the stem is surrounded by yellow flowers.
Aloe vera is one of the most ancient plants which have been used for medicinal purposes. It was used by the Greeks from the fourth century BCE. It was also known to the ancient Yemenis and the Pharaohs, and it is mentioned in their medical prescriptions. The Arabs brought it to Europe in the Middle Ages.
The name of aloe vera is also given to the substance that is obtained by drying the juice of the leaves, which may be in the form of lumps or powder, with a greyish black or green colour and an unpleasant odour and a very bitter taste, as in the Arabic saying “as bitter as aloe vera”. It dissolves easily in alcohol of 60 percent concentration and in hot water, but it does not dissolve in ether.
There are a number of ways of preparing this juice, the simplest of which is to cut the leaves into small pieces and put them in a vessel made of tin with holes in its base, and leave it for the juice to drain out through the holes.
The modern way is done by pressing the leaves mechanically, after cutting them into small pieces. Then the juice is strained and placed in a kettle and heated to a temperature of 50 to 60°C for a period of several hours, and it becomes concentrated by letting hot air go through it until it is dried completely.
Aloe vera contains an effective substance which is a group of anthraquinoglycerides. The mixture is called barbaloin, which breaks down in the intestine and colon to give arabinose and aloe emedin. Hence, this drug is not given to those who are suffering liver or bile complaints.
A small amount of aloe vera (20 to 100 milligrams) is regarded as stimulating the appetite and aiding digestion. Moderate amounts act as a laxative and expel bile. Large amounts (more than 300mg) act as a harsh laxative, regulate menses, expel water and have a laxative effect which is connected to their effect on the large intestine, which appears 8 to 10 hours after taking it. It causes swelling in the pelvis. Hence, it cannot be given to pregnant women or in cases of heavy vaginal bleeding, hematuras (blood in urine), hemorrhoids or swelling in the prostate.
Allen Natow (Aloe Vera, Fact or Fiction, Cutis, 1986, p. 37) mentions that there are over 300 types of aloe vera, and he describes how it is used to treat burns, insect bites, sunburn, inflammation of the joints and constipation.
He mentions its benefits in treating abrasions and skin wounds, and he confirms that it is very beneficial in treating corneal ulcers. Natow listed the active substances in aloe vera, of which he mentioned the following,
• Bradykinase, which produces protease which breaks down the bradykinin which causes pain in the sites of skin inflammation, and also constricts the blood vessels of the skin, hence Aloe vera is included in creams for sunburn.
• Magnesium lactate: This prevents formation of histamines, which is regarded as the primary reason for itching and other skin sensitivities. This explains its effectiveness in treating insect bites.
• Substance that fights prostaglandin. Prostaglandin is the main substance which causes inflammation and pain.
• Anthraquinone: This is what causes diarrhea, and from it is extracted anthralin which is used to treat psoriasis.
Dr. Shahat Nasr stated that fresh aloe vera juice may be applied to the skin that is affected by sunburn, and it will reduce pain and speed up healing. In the cosmetics field, it moisturises the skin and softens it; hence, compounds of aloe vera glycoside are included in cosmetics preparations and moisturisers, especially creams, soaps and shampoos.
We may understand the miraculous nature of the Prophet’s words to Umm Salamah, may Allah be pleased with her, when she put aloe vera on her face and he said to her: “It makes the face look bright”, so it makes it look fresh and radiant.
Abu Zaid also said that which proves that emodin had the effect of slowing down the growth of some skin tumors.
Books of folk medicine state that aloe vera strengthens the libido; protects against poison; expel worms; is beneficial in treating diseases of the eye, bronchitis and retention of urine; and its juice may be applied to the scalp to make the hair grow long and prevent it falling out, and to treat dandruff and ringworm. Russian doctors have used Aloe vera for decades. Mashofsky has written about a number of medicines derived from Aloe vera, including the following,
• Aloe extract that is prepared for use in injections. It is a watery extract from the small leaves of aloe vera. It is a thin, clear liquid which is light yellow in color or even reddish, and has a bitter taste. It is produced in small vessels, 1 mm in size, to be injected under the skin daily (between 1 and 4ml); for children under the age of five (0.2 to 0.3 ml) and for children over the age of five (0.5ml). This series of treatment may be repeated if necessary after three months. It gives good results in treating a number of eye diseases (myopia; inflammation of the retina, eyelid, conjunctiva, cornea and iris; and in treating opacity of the vitreous humor). It is also beneficial in treating duodenal ulcers and asthma. Here the miraculous nature of the Prophet’s words becomes clear, when he said to the man who complained about an ailment in his eyes: “Apply aloe vera to them.” This injection should not be given to people with cardiovascular problems, those whose blood pressure is too high, pregnant women after the seventh month or those who have inflammation of the kidney.
• Aloe liniment, which is made from the juice of aloe vera leaves (78g), castor oil (11g), eucalyptus oil (0.1g) and emulgator (11g). The liniment is cream-colored, with the texture of thick cream. It is to be applied to burns and to protect against and treat skin problems resulting from sunburn.
• Aloe juice, which consists of the juice of the leaves (80ml) ethyl alcohol (20 to 95 percent), hydrochloride butanol (0.5ml). It is an opaque liquid with a light orange colour and a bitter taste, which becomes darker when exposed to light and air. It may be poured or sprinkled on ulcerated wounds, burns and inflammatory skin conditions. There are recent studies referred to by Dr. Muhammad Al-Zawahiri (in a lecture given by him entitled “Aloe Vera and its Medicinal Value”, which he gave in the Conference of Arab Dermatologists which was held in Damascus in 1992 and published in Majallat Al-Jild which is published by the Syrian Association of Dermatologists in issue No. 2, 1993), including the study by Flag, 1959, on the benefits of aloe vera for treating ulcers caused by sunburn, and the study of Blits and his colleagues in 1963 on treating stomach ulcers with aloe vera, and the study of Riner and Gjestad in 1968 on the cosmetic uses of aloe vera. Al-Zawahiri spoke of the field study in which he tested the use of aloe vera gel to treat a number of stubborn skin conditions.
The gel is formed from the inside of the leaves of the aloe vera plant, and is extracted by cutting the fresh, fleshy leaves at the base and leaving them for two days so that the bitter juice may flow out, then the leaf is opened and the gel is taken from the inside, then it is rubbed together and mixed, then strained and a preservative is added to it, and it may be left in the fridge so that it can be used for a whole month. It is applied in this manner, like a cream, without adding anything to it or diluting it. The gel contains carbohydrates, astringents, fats, steroids, unsaturated components, organic acids, and minerals such as chloride, sulphur, iron, copper, sodium and potassium. It is sticky, shiny, and colorless, with a distinct smell. It is acidic and turns crimson when exposed to air. Three patients with chronic skin ulcers were treated, which in one case was accompanied by eczema and discoloration around the site of the problem, or the onset of gout. The Aloe vera gel is applied directly to the ulcers two or three times a day, after cleaning them with a cleansing solution. The ulcers were long-term, having lasted for anything between five and 15 years. They were infected, deep and had not responded to any known treatment. They also noticed an improvement in the blood vessels in the area from the first weeks of applying this remedy, which was known from the appearance of grainy tissue with a pinkish colour.
It was also noted that the gel allowed integration of the eroded tissue, which then fell off, leading to the disappearance of the offensive odor and to the growth of grainy tissue at the bottom of the ulcer.
After that, epithelialisation (growth of epithelial tissue) was noted on the sides, which advanced slowly toward the ulcer area, which was an indication of the effectiveness of the drug and which led within several weeks to the gradual decrease of the surface area of the ulcers and then to healing.
The reason for the effectiveness of the aloe vera gel in healing the ulcers is attributed to one of the many viscous sugars which are found in high concentrations in it.
The remedy was successfully applied to 3 patients affected by a kind of seborrhoea alopecia, which was accompanied by widespread falling out of the hair and oiliness of the scalp. It became apparent that the gel has a drying effect on the excess oil, followed by stimulation of hair growth. It may be understood that it has an astringent effect on the oil-secreting glands, thereby reducing the flow of oil through the sebaceous glands
In cases of acne, aloe vera gel led to drying of the skin and reducing excess oil, and led to a reduction of the problem within a month of treatment.
Applying it in cases of ringworm or Alopecas areata led to regrowth of the hair and to complete healing within a few weeks. It was tested on 10 patients affected by hair loss due to various diseases, and it led to encouraging initial results.
Based on this, Al-Zawahiri thinks that aloe vera gel is a safe drug with no side-effects, which may be applied like a lotion, 2 to 3 times a day, as an important ointment for treating skin ulcers and especially corneal ulcers.
It may also be used to dry up oil in cases of seborrhea, skin infections and acne. It is also an effective remedy which limits hair loss and helps the hair to grow back.
Conclusion
------------
A few years ago, in 1986, a professor at the University of New York published an important medical article in the Journal of American Dermatology on the topic of aloe vera, in which he said:
The word is derived from an Arabic root, namely the word Uluwwah which refers to a bitter and shiny substance. Aloe vera has been used for many years to treat burns, insect bites, acne, sunburn and joint inflammation. It is also used as a laxative.
From clinical studies it has become apparent that aloe vera has a role to play in treating skin inflammation resulting from sunburn, corneal ulcers and leg ulcers. This article stated that aloe vera contains four active substances, namely:
• Bradykinase, which is a substance that acts as a vasoconstrictor; when the blood vessels contract, this reduces swelling and redness that occur in the site of inflammation. This explains why aloe vera is included in some compounds that are used to treat sunburn.
• Magnesium lactate. This is a substance which prevents the formation of histamines, which are regarded as one of the most important causes of itching in the skin. Thus aloe vera reduces itching and inflammation, and this explains its effectiveness in treating insect bites.
• Anti-prostaglandins. This substance reduces pain and inflammation. The best example of that is Aspirin.
• After more than 1,400 years, modern science has confirmed to the world that what the Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace of Allah be upon him, prescribed to his Companions was the right medicine. This man who complained of an inflammation in his eye when he was in Ihram was complaining of pain and swelling. There was no aspirin at that time and there were no painkillers as we know them today. But Allah guided His Messenger, blessings and peace of Allah be upon him, to treat him by applying aloe vera to the inflamed eye in order to reduce the pain and take away sickness. There is another point to be noted here, which is that aloe vera is effective in protecting against sunburn. Hence the eyes of this pilgrim in Ihram were affected because the intense heat, and sunburn increases pain and swelling in the skin, but aloe vera is cooling and safe for the inflamed eye and the burned skin; it takes away the pain and eases it by the leave of its Creator.
• Anthraquinone. This substance has a local irritating effect on the digestive system, which explains the laxative properties of aloe vera. This substance is also the effective element found in Anthralin which is used to treat psoriasis.
Studies have also shown that it has a moisturizing and softening effect on the skin, as it retains moisture in that place, thus moisturising and softening it. Nowadays we find in the markets creams, powders, soaps and other cosmetic preparations which all contain aloe vera in their components.
Rheumatic arthritis is a very painful condition which leads to deformities in the joints as well as severe stiffness. The Journal of the American Union of Podiatrists published in 1985 research in which aloe vera was used topically on the inflamed joints in mice. The study showed that this remedy was able to reduce the inflammation in 88 percent of cases.
Al-Shahat Nasr Abu Zaid: An-Nabat Wal-A’shab Al-Tibbiyah. Dr. Muhammad ‘Ali Al-Barr: Hashiyah ‘Ala Kitab Al-Tibb An-Nabawi by ‘Abdul Malik Habeeb Al-Andalusi, Damascus, 1993. Al-Muwaffaq Al-Baghdadi: Al-Tibb Min Al-Qur’an Was-Sunnah. Ibn Al-Qayyim: Al-Tibb An-Nabawi. Al-Dhahabi: Al-Tibb An-Nabawi. Hassan Shamsi Pasha: Qabasat Min Al-Tibb An-Nabawi, 1993. Dr. Muhammad Al-Zawahiri, article entitled “Al-Sabr wa Qeematuhu Al-‘Ilajiyyah (Aloe Vera and its Medicinal Value”), Majallat Al-Jild, issue No. 9, Damascus 1993. Al-Kahhal Ibn Tarkhan: Al-Ahkaam An-Nabawiyah Fil-Sina‘ah Al-Tibbiyah. Dr. Mashkofisky, Al-Mawad Ad-Dawa’iyyah, (in Russian), Moscow 1972. Group of professors from the King Saud University in Riyadh: An-Nabatat As-Sa’oodiyah Al-Musta‘malah Fil-Tibb Al-Sha‘bi, published by the Department of Scientific Research. Qabasat Min Al-Tibb An-Nabawi.

Jujube, Sidr or Lotus - A blessed tree with blessed fruit

Allah, the Exalted, says:

“And those on the Right Hand — how (fortunate) will be those on the Right Hand? (They will be) among thornless lote trees, And among Talh (banana trees) with fruits piled one above another.” (Soorah Al-Waqi‘ah, 56:27-29)
 
It was narrated from Malik Ibn Sa‘sa‘ah, may Allah be pleased with him, that the Prophet, blessings and peace of Allah be upon him, saw Sidrat Al-Muntaha (the Lote-Tree of the Utmost Boundary) on the night on which he was taken on his Night Journey, and its fruits were like the pitchers of Hajar. (Narrated by Al-Bukhari)
 
In a Saheeh Hadith, which was narrated by the six and Ahmad, it says that the Prophet, blessings and peace of Allah be upon him, said: “Wash him with water and lotus leaves.”
Ibn Katheer, may Allah have mercy upon him, said, narrating from Qatadah, “We used to say concerning the lotus that it was the plain one which has no thorns and that the lotus in this world has a lot of thorns and little fruit.”
 
Al-Hafiz Al-Dhahabi said, “Washing with lotus leaves cleanses the head more than anything else and takes away heat. The Messenger of Allah, blessings and peace of Allah be upon him, mentioned it with regard to washing the dead: “The fruit of the Lotus is like Za’roor (azarole -- a species of hawthorn). It maintains health and covers the lining of the stomach.” Ibn Al-Qayyim, may Allah have Mercy upon him, added, “It is beneficial in treating diarrhea, calms yellow bile, nourishes the body and stimulates the appetite. It is digested slowly, and soup made of it is good for the stomach. It is also good for bilious humors.”
 
The lotus is variously known as Zizyphus spina christi, Holy Thorn or Christ’s Thorn. It is a thorny shrub both wild and cultivated. It originates in Arabia and Yemen, and is grown in Egypt and on the coast of the Mediterranean. It belongs to the Rhamnaceae family. The fruit or jujube has a sweet taste and a nice smell. The most important active components of it are dextrose, fructose, zizyphic acid and astringent acid. Its fruits are nourishing and act as an expectorant and laxative. They help to lower temperature and are beneficial in cases of measles and stomach ulcers. The infusion of the leaves is astringent, expels worms, counteracts diarrhea and strengthens the roots of the hair. It is also beneficial in treating asthma and other lung problems.
 
A poultice made from the leaves may be used to treat abscesses. Boiling the wood is beneficial in treating intestinal ulcers, bleeding, menstruation and diarrhea. The resin takes away dandruff.
(Al-Tibb An-Nabawi by Ibn Al-Qayyim, Al-Tibb Min Al-Qur’an Was-Sunnah, Nabatat Al-‘Aqaqeer Wal-Tawabil)